Oxygen-poor blood flows through the veins from the organs and tissues back to the heart.
The most common venous disorders are varicose veins and thrombosis. Varicose veins can lead to chronic venous insufficiency and phlebitis, while thrombosis can lead to pulmonary embolism.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preventing long-term complications.
Varicose veins are enlarged, superficial veins that occur primarily on the legs. They develop when blood pools in the veins and can no longer flow back to the heart effectively.
Varicose veins often develop due to a genetic predisposition, but can also be exacerbated by factors such as prolonged standing, being overweight, or pregnancy. Although they are often initially just a cosmetic issue, untreated varicose veins can lead to complications such as phlebitis, thrombosis, or leg ulcers.
Typical symptoms of varicose veins include bluish or purple, visible, twisted veins under the skin; swelling, especially around the ankles; a feeling of heaviness and fatigue in the legs; a sensation of tightness or pain in the legs; and itching or skin changes in the affected area
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Venous thrombosis is a potentially life-threatening condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a vein, partially or completely blocking it and thereby impeding or blocking blood flow.
Deep vein thrombosis usually requires immediate medical treatment to prevent serious complications.
Venous thrombosis most commonly occurs in the veins of the legs and pelvis. Less commonly, it can also occur in other parts of the body. In addition to thrombosis in the deep veins, superficial veins may also be affected (“phlebitis”).
Common risk factors include immobility (e.g., after surgery or during long trips), pregnancy and the postpartum period, hormonal contraceptives, obesity, smoking, and certain medical conditions such as cancer and congenital coagulation disorders.
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Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a condition in which the veins in the legs are unable to efficiently return blood to the heart. This causes blood to pool in the veins, which increases pressure in the veins and leads to various symptoms and complications. The symptoms of CVI vary depending on the severity of the condition and include swelling (edema) in the legs, pain and a feeling of heaviness in the legs, and occasionally itching. In advanced stages, skin changes occur, which, if left untreated, can lead to “ulcers.”
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